TYPES OF LINEAR-EXTENDED STRUCTURES AND THEIR PLACE IN THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF CITIES

Abstract

The article examines the concept, classification and functional purpose of linear-extended structures in the structure of modern cities from the standpoint of construction and civil engineering. It is substantiated that linear objects - transport corridors, engineering networks, linear parks, embankments, pedestrian and bicycle routes - form the basic infrastructure framework of urban systems and determine their spatial planning organization. Historical and modern approaches to the formation of linear cities, their potential for optimizing transport and land use, as well as limitations due to the complexity of practical implementation and the need to adapt to the context of urbanized territories are considered. Special attention is paid to the role of linear parks as innovative elements of the green infrastructure of post-industrial cities, capable of transforming former infrastructure or industrial corridors into environmentally and socially significant spaces. The study analyzed the importance of engineering communications as a hidden, but critically important component of the urban environment, which ensures the life of the city and affects the possibilities of its further development. The role of embankments as multifunctional linear formations that combine recreation, mobility, aesthetics and water-ecological functions, forming new directions of interaction of the city with the natural environment, was also revealed. The study shows that linear-extended structures go beyond the boundaries of purely engineering infrastructure and act as key tools for the formation of a sustainable, environmentally balanced and socially integrated urban space. They ensure the continuity of flows, determine the directions of territorial growth, increase the comfort and safety of movement, contribute to the improvement of the ecological state and create the prerequisites for the balanced development of urban agglomerations. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the generalization of various types of linear structures in a single conceptual field and the determination of their systemic role in the formation of the city's infrastructure framework. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of using the presented conclusions in urban planning, design of engineering networks and development of green infrastructure, as well as in creating comprehensive strategies for the reconstruction and modernization of urban areas.